NUTRITION CONSULTANTS OF AMERICA, INC.
“ Leaders in Personalized Vitamin Supplementation Programs ”.

Introduction to the Health Assessment Report

    The importance of the Health Assessment Report is that it explains to the patient what their specific lab results are, it compares their results to the ideal values, it lets them know what each test means, and it explains to the patient exactly what nutritional supplements they need to take in order to help their body.

    We do laboratory testing on (blood, urine, hair, saliva, and stool) to get objective data on what is really going on inside your body and how your organs are functioning. Our doctors use laboratory testing on patients in order to gain a better understanding of what problems really exist. By reviewing the confidential history that the patient fills out, and adding the laboratory results to it, the doctors can make better, more accurate recommendations as to what vitamin supplements you need to improve your health. The importance of laboratory testing is that it provides valuable information to the doctors so that he/she can properly manage the patient's requirements for nutritional supplements. The doctors also use laboratory testing as a valuable platform for monitoring the patient's condition and assessing clinical progress.

Below is an example of the Health Assessment Report

Patient: Paul Smith Age: 47
Address: 123 Anywhere St. Gender: M
City: Beachview State: Florida
Zip Code: 17778
Email: psmith@yahoo.com
Telephone: (717) 555-0000

Height: 6’0
Weight: 218 lbs.
Blood Pressure: 128/85
Resting Pulse Rate: 72 bpm

Patient’s Symptoms/Complaints:
Paul states that he is tired all the time. His job creates a ton of stress on him. He has frequent headaches and digestive problems, including diarrhea. He also complains of problems with sleeping. He states that he cannot sleep well and when he does get to sleep it is only for a few hours. He can’t seem to sleep through the night.

Medications:
Tylenol 2-3 capsules 200mg/each every time he has a headache. He suffers with headaches at least 3X/week.
Tums for indigestion. He uses them almost after every meal. He takes at least 2 after each meal.
Zoloft for depression. Current dose is 50mg.
Ambien for sleeping problems. Current dosage is 10mg.

Family History:
Paul states that he has a significant family history for heart disease and diabetes Type II. His father suffer’s with heart disease and had to have a triple bypass at age 68. He also has diabetes type II for the last five years and is currently taking oral insulin. His mother has high blood pressure and struggles with her weight. She is currently on medication for her high blood pressure and has been advised by her family doctor to loose at least 50 lbs. Otherwise the family history is unremarkable.

Social History:
Paul states that he does not use any tobacco products. He states that he enjoy’s 2 cups of regular coffee every morning. He does not eat chocolate or drink tea or soda. His alcohol is limited to 3-4 beers on the weekends. He states that he eats out a lot due to his busy work schedule. He tries to stay away from fast food and prefers better restaurants. He likes red meat, potatoes and breads. He does not eat enough fruits and vegetables. He likes donuts and pastries in the morning along with his coffee. He states that he only drinks 1-2 glasses of tap water per day. He craves breads and pasta. His exercise program consists of a daily walk of approximately 20 minutes with his dog.

Side Effects of all Medications Patient is currently taking:

   Tylenol - allergic reactions
   Tums - constipation, nausea, vomiting
   Zoloft - dizziness, diarrhea, insomnia, decreased appetite
   Ambien - daytime drowsiness, headache, nausea, indigestion

Possible Nutrient Depletions caused by Medications:


   Zoloft 50mg - can cause enhanced B2 excretion.
   Ambien 10mg - problems with nutrient absorption & digestion.

Analyzing Your Laboratory Results:

When you begin to review the following pages you will become familiar with three different headings associated with the laboratory analysis. These headings are your value, the ideal value or range, and the laboratory value or range. Your value is what the test results showed for you. The ideal value or range is where we want your results to fall. This range or value is designated for optimum wellness and disease prevention. It is usually a more narrow range where the best physiological processes in your body can take place. This is the place you want to be with your results. The laboratory value or range is the number set by the laboratory as its normal. If your results are within this range your condition has not progressed enough to pursue treatment. Once you fall outside the laboratory range or values then treatment is warranted. However, you can fall in the laboratory range and present signs of a sub-clinical condition. Our doctors are trained to look for these subtleties and correlate the course of treatment accordingly. It is our goal to get you and keep you in the ideal range so you can achieve optimum wellness and prevention of illnesses.

When reviewing your laboratory results, you will see the name of the test, a brief description of what the test is about and your result. You will also see the ideal range/value and the laboratory range/value. Then at the end of the report(the last page) you will find a list of recommended nutritional supplements for you to take based upon all the laboratory results. You will also find the exact dosages and when to take them for optimum results. Simply look under Nutritional Supplements and find the products you need to order. These amounts are based on a 3 month supply, at the end of which we recommend that you have a post laboratory tests performed through us. We will then recommend a maintenance program that you will need to follow for optimum health.

LABORATORY RESULTS:

Glucose: Sugar that is used by all cells in the body as a form of energy. The brain and nervous system depend on glucose primarily for energy. It is formed by the breakdown of sugars and carbohydrates. It can be stored and used when it is needed. High fasting levels are related to diabetes, stress, syndrome X, and high dietary consumption of sugar and carbohydrates. Low levels are indicative of hypoglycemia, too much insulin, alcoholism, and liver disorders.
Your glucose level is 80mg/dL.
Ideal Range: 75-85 mg/dL.
Laboratory Range: 65-99mg/dL.

Uric Acid: This is the end product of protein digestion. Also, it occurs from the breakdown of protein in the cell. High values are associated with gout, high protein diets, digestive problems and alcoholism. Low values are related to malabsorption and low dietary protein intake commonly seen in the elderly.
Your level is 4.3 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 4-6 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 2.4-8.2 mg/dL

BUN ( Blood Urea Nitrogen): This is the result of complete protein breakdown. Production occurs via the liver and the kidneys excrete it. High values indicate kidney dysfunction, dehydration, decreased water intake, high protein diets. Low values can indicate malabsorption, excessive hydration, liver disease and not enough protein in the diet.
Your level is 14 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 13-18 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 5-26 mg/dL

Creatinine: This compound is a by product of muscular activity. It can be related to strenuous activity and exercise. It is used primarily to test kidney function. High values may indicate kidney dysfunction. Low values may indicate muscular degeneration or decreased muscle mass.
Your value is: .8 mg/dL
Ideal Range is: .7-1.0mg/dL
Laboratory Range: .5-1.5 mg/dL

Sodium: An electrolyte primarily present in the fluid surrounding the cell. It is related to kidney and heart function, nerve conduction and fluid balance. High values may indicate kidney or heart disorders, increased salt in the diet, fluid retention, dehydration and high blood pressure. Low values may be associated with diarrhea, high intake levels of water, excessive sweating and diuretics.
Your value is: 140 mmol/L
Ideal Range: 138-144 mmol/L
Laboratory Range: 135-148 mmol/L

Potassium: This electrolyte is used inside the body’s cells and is also related to fluid balance. High values may indicate cellular damage, slow adrenal glands, and kidney disease. Low values could indicate overactive adrenal glands, high caffeine/alcohol intake, diarrhea, and possibly low dietary intake.
Your Potassium level is: 4.5 mmol/L
Ideal Range is : 3.9-4.6 mmol/L
Laboratory Range is: 3.5-5.5 mmol/L

Chloride: An electrolyte involved in pH and fluid balance. Involved in the stomach as HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) which helps to breakdown protein. High values may indicate swelling caused by high intercellular fluid and dehydration. Low values may indicate HCl deficiency, edema and excessive sweating.
Your Chloride value is : 102 mmol/L
Ideal Range: 99-104 mmol/L
Laboratory Range: 96-109 mmol/L

Carbon Dioxide: essential for management of the acid base balance in the body. Also, it relates to the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide. High values indicate alkaline blood and in the extreme levels, metabolic alkalosis. Low values indicate acidosis and in the extreme levels, metabolic acidosis.
Your Carbon Dioxide value is 29 mmol/L
Ideal Range: 24-29 mmol/L
Laboratory Range: 20-32 mmol/L

Calcium: A mineral that is 99% contained in bones and teeth. The other small percentage is important in blood clotting, nerve and muscle function, and enzyme activities. High values can indicate problems with thyroid and/or parathyroid glands, high vitamin D intake and high acidity in the body. Low values are seen in parathyroid dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency and magnesium deficiency.
Your Calcium level is: 9.0 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 9.2-10.2 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 8.5-10.6mg/dL

Phosphorus: A mineral whose primary purpose is involved in bone and teeth composition. It also is involved in forming compounds for energy production. It relates to pH balance and transportation of foods from the stomach. Phosphorus must be in perfect balance with calcium for good health. High values are often seen in alkaline stomach conditions, kidney problems, and healing bone fractures. Low values can be seen with acidic stomach conditions and digestive problems caused by aluminum containing antacids.
Your Phosphorus level is: 3.1 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 3.3-3.8 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Magnesium: A necessary mineral for proper functioning of nerves and muscles. It allows the muscles to relax, calms the nerves, works in enzyme systems, and is involved in regulation of our heartbeat. It is second only to potassium as a mineral inside the cells. It helps with DNA strength. High values are often times found in kidney disorders, use of antacids, and certain types of enemas. Low values are seen in muscle spasms, cramps, some viral conditions, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Your Magnesium level is: 2.2 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 2.1-2.4 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 1.6-2.6 mg/dL

Total Protein: We measure the availability of protein in the body for the formation of enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and muscle. The proteins albumin and globulin are the main ones in our blood. High values exist in liver conditions, inflammation, chronic infections, and alcoholism. Low values are seen in malabsorption cases, poor nutrition and colitis.
Your Total Protein level is : 6.9 g/dL
Ideal Range: 7.0-7.7 g/dL
Laboratory Range: 6-8.5 g/dL

Albumin: This is the primary protein found in the blood. It is made in the liver from amino acids in the diet, especially eggs. It helps the immune system with waste removal, maintains proper fluid balance in the tissues and plays a role in nutrient transport. High values are seen in dehydration and kidney disorders. Low values are seen in edema and a weakened immune system.
Your Albumin Level is 4.4g/dL
Ideal Range: 4.1-4.5 g/dL
Laboratory Range: 3.5-5.5 g/dL

Globulin: It is an important protein for immune response. It carries lipids (fats) and hormones. It is a compound that forms immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgE, ect). These are compounds responsible for response to allergies and infections. High values are seen in chronic infections, and during recovery from an acute infection. Rhematoid arthritis, lupus and low stomach acid can also cause high values. Low values are seen with diminished immune capacity, poor nutrition, and malabsorption.
Your Globulin level is: 2.5 g/dL
Ideal Range: 2.7-3.3 g/dL
Laboratory Range: 1.5-4.5 g/dL

A/G Ratio: Simply the ratio of Albumin to Globulin.
Your A/G Ratio: 1.8
Ideal Range: 1.3-1.7
Laboratory Range: 1.1-2.5

Bilirubin: Total bilirubin is from the normal breakdown of red blood cells. The breakdown is done by the spleen, which in turn produces indirect bilirubin and the liver which produces direct bilirubin. Together they constitute total bilirubin. High values indicate liver and/or spleen dysfunction. Low values are indicative of possible spleen dysfunction and iron deficiency anemia.
Your Bilirubin Value is: 0.9 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 0.3-0.8 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: .1-1.2 mg/dL

Alkaline Phosphatase: This is an enzyme produced primarily in the bone, liver, and intestinal tract. It is a reflection of growth or activity in these areas and is often used as a tumor marker. It helps control the pH in the blood. High values can be indicative of certain types of tumors, bone injuries, pregnancy, gall bladder duct obstruction, and skeletal growth. Low values are seen with Zinc deficiency and adrenal gland dysfunction.
Your Alkaline Phosphatase level is: 62 IU/L
Ideal Range: 58-82 IU/L
Laboratory Range: 25-150 IU/L

LDH ( Lactic Dehydrogenase): This enzyme is formed in all cells of the body from the metabolism of sugar. It is used as a general indicator of pancreas function. Different types of this enzyme can be used to find out which parts of the body are producing it. The heart, lungs, liver, and skeletal muscle can all form it. High values can be seen in heart attacks, diabetes, pancreatitis, cancer and muscular damage. Low values are seen in poor carbohydrate metabolism and low blood sugar.
Your LDH value is: 184 IU/L
Ideal Range: 115-155 IU/L
Laboratory Range: 100-250 IU/L

SGOT (AST): This is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, heart, muscle and gonads. It functions to convert cholesterol to hormones and helps form several different acids that result from the breakdown of proteins and fat. High values are seen in congestive heart disease, heart attacks, liver diseases, and alcoholism. Low values are seen in vitamin B-6 deficiency and gonadal dysfunction.
Your SGOT level is: 26 IU/L
Ideal Range: 17-25 IU/L
Laboratory Range: 0-40 IU/L

SGPT (ALT): This is an enzyme found primarily in the liver and is produced when fatty membranes release stored food substances. It is released when cells die and is used to measure liver and cellular damage. High values are seen in liver disorders, Vitamin A deficiency, heart attack and alcoholism. Low values are seen in a congested liver that exhibit’s a poor release of stored nutrients.
Your SGPT value is: 43 IU/L
Ideal Range: 17-27 IU/L
Laboratory Range: 0-40 IU/L

GGT: This enzyme is formed primarily in the liver and it is responsible for transporting amino acids and proteins into the cells. High values are seen in bile duct obstruction, liver damage, and chronic alcohol use. Low values are seen in hypothyroid conditions as well as liver congestion.
Your GGT value is: 17 IU/L
Ideal Range: 12-35 IU/L
Laboratory Range: 0-65 IU/L

Iron: Iron is important to hemoglobin in the red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all the cells of the body. It also can tell how the liver and spleen are functioning. High values are seen with some types of anemia. Low values are seen in iron deficiency anemia, fatigue, and gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
Your Iron Value is: 128 ug/dL
Ideal Range: 85-120 ug/dL
Laboratory Range: 40-155 ug/dL

Triglycerides: These are the circulating fats made by the liver. They can be utilized for energy and their amounts increase when glucose is not being used properly. High values are seen in alcoholism, high fat diets, hypothyroidism, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Low values are seen with autoimmune disorders, hyperthyroidism, vegetarian diets, and low stomach acid.
Your Triglyceride level is: 92 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 75-99 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 0-149 mg/dL

Cholesterol: We derive cholesterol from the diet, form it in the liver, and then it goes to all the cells. It offers us protection of our cellular membranes, makes antibodies, bile salts, and hormones. We use cholesterol to evaluate one’s risk for atherosclerosis. HDL is the “good” cholesterol and LDL (2 different types of which only 1 is bad) and this one is the causative factor in plaque formation in the arteries. High values are seen in atherosclerosis, hypothyroidism, high fat diet, and trouble with fat digestion. Low levels are seen in restricted fat diets, some liver disorders, and hyperthyroidism.
Your Cholesterol value is: 206 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 170-190 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 100-199mg/dL

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)
Your HDL value: 48 mg/dL
Ideal Range: > 55mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 40-59 mg/dL

LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)
Your LDL level is: 140mg/dL
Ideal Range: < 100 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 6-99 mg/dL

VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoproteins)
Your VLDL level is: 18 mg/dL
Ideal Range: 5-20 mg/dL
Laboratory Range: 5-40 mg/dL

Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio: Helps the clinician determine your risk of cardiovascular disease.
Your Ratio is: 4.3 ratio units
Ideal Range is 1-4 ratio units
Laboratory Range: 0-5 ratio units

LDL/HDL Ratio: Bad Cholesterol/Good Cholesterol
Your Ratio is: 2.9 ratio units
Ideal Range: 1-2.5 ratio units
Laboratory Range: 0-3.6 ratio units

Triglyceride/HDL Ratio: Used to determine overall cardiovascular health.
Your Ratio is: 2.0

Ideal Range: 0-1 “IDEAL” State of Wellness
1-2.5 “GOOD” Headed to Wellness
2.6- 3.9 “POOR” Developing a Chronic Disease
4.0 or more “DISEASED” Already have a Chronic Disease

THYROID PROFILE:

TSH( Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): This compound is produced by the pituitary gland and it sends a signal to the thyroid gland to make T3 and T4. TSH levels tell us how well the pituitary gland is working and how well the thyroid gland is responding. This feedback mechanism measures the metabolic rate.
Your TSH level is: 2.382
Ideal Range: 2.0-4.0
Laboratory Range: .350-5.50

T4 ( Thyroxine): Is a hormone that maintains body temperature, stimulates metabolic activity, and regulates the heartbeat. High levels of T4 can cause weight loss, sleeplessness, nervousness, sweating, and heart palpitations. Low levels may contribute to dry skin, fatigue, weight gain, a feeling of being cold all the time.
Your T4 level is: 9.3 ug/dL
Ideal Range: 6.8-8.8 ug/dL
Laboratory Range: 4.5-12.0 ug/dL

T3 Uptake: This test allows an estimate of how many available binding sites for this hormone are already used up. High values may indicate hyperthyroidism. Low values may be indicative of hypothyroidism. Clinical determination is made by correlating all the test results.
Your T3 Uptake level is: 30
Ideal Range: 34-39
Laboratory Range: 24-39

FTI ( Free Thyroxine Index): This provides an estimate of how much T4 is in the free or active state. High values may indicate hyperthyroidism. Low values may indicate hypothyroidism.
Your FTI value is: 2.8
Ideal Range: 2.5-3.4
Laboratory Range: 1.2-4.9

CBC ( Complete Blood Count) with Differential:

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): These cells represent the immune system and have been sub-divided into 5 specific types. The 5 different types that were tested are as follows:
Lymphocytes: Act as a defense against cancer and viral infections.(Measles, Chickenpox ect.)
Neutrophils: Related to bacterial infections.
Eosinophils: Related to allergies and parasitic infections.
Basophils: Parasitic Infections
Monocytes: Severe Infections

Red Blood Cells (RBC): These are the cells in our body that carry oxygen and use hemoglobin to hold on to the oxygen. It is then exchanged for carbon dioxide.

Hemoglobin: Functions to hold onto oxygen until it is exchanged for carbon dioxide.

Hematocrit: The volume of whole blood taken up by the red blood cells and it is measured as a %.

Platelets: Specialized cells that help the blood to clot.

MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW: All are used to reflect the size, shape and contents of the red blood cells.

YOUR COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT RESULTS:

URINALYSIS:

Specific Gravity: This determines the urine’s concentration. It compares the urine’s density to water.

pH: Tells us how acidic or alkaline the tissues of the body are.

WBC Esterase: Tells whether there are white blood cells in the urine.

Occult Blood: Determines if there is blood in the urine. (false positive if patient is menstruating)

Nitrite: Signals a possible infection.

Glucose: If present in the urine, may indicate diabetes.

Ketones: If present, may indicate a “low” carbohydrate diet , (Atkins ect.), fasting or possible diabetes.

Protein: If present can indicate a problem with kidney function.

Bilirubin: Normally excreted through the bile and if present in the urine may indicate liver disease or dysfunction.

Urobilinogen: If present may indicate an imbalance in proper bowel flora.

URINALYSIS RESULTS:

HAIR ELEMENTS ANALYSIS: INTRODUCTION

Hair is an excretory tissue for essential, nonessential and potentially toxic elements. In general, the amount of an element that is irreversibly incorporated into growing hair is proportional to the level of the element in other body tissues. Therefore, hair elements analysis provides an indirect screening test for physiological excess, deficiency or mal-distribution of elements in the body. Clinical research indicates that hair levels of specific elements, particularly potential toxic elements such as cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic, are highly correlated with pathological disorders. For such elements, levels in hair may be more indicative of body stores than the levels in blood and urine.

All screening tests have limitations that must be taken into consideration. The correlation between hair element levels and physiological disorders is determined by numerous factors. Individual variability and compensatory mechanisms are major factors that affect the relationship between the distribution of elements in hair and symptoms associated with pathological conditions. It is also very important to keep in mind that scalp hair is vulnerable to external contamination of elements by exposure to hair products and hair treatments. Likewise, some hair treatments (e.g. permanent solutions, dyes, and bleach) can strip the hair of endogenously acquired elements and result in false low values. Careful consideration of the limitations must be made in the interpretation of results of hair analysis. The data provided should be considered in conjunction with symptomatology, dietary analysis, occupation, lifestyle, physical examination and the results of other objective testing. All of the descriptions and information with respect to the hair analysis testing is copywrited by and the property of Doctor's Data Diagnostic laboratory.

HAIR ANALYSIS: NUTRIENT ELEMENTS

CALCIUM: Calcium is the most abundant element in the body. Most of it is contained in the skeletal system. However, it is actively involved in muscular contraction, hormone secretions, and in immune and nervous systems function. Hair levels of calcium have been correlated with nutritional deficiencies, poor diets, disease syndromes and metabolic disorders. High levels of calcium are usually indicative of external contamination due to hair care products. Bleaches, dyes, and permanent solutions are all types of external contaminants. If the hair sample has been treated and a high level exists, chances are that the level is not indicative of calcium status. When external contamination is ruled out, then we can look at other factors that may contribute to elevated calcium levels in the hair. Hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, excess dietary calcium or protein, excess vitamins A or D, imbalance in magnesium and phosphorus levels, hypoglycemia, hormonal imbalances and some metabolic disorders. Low levels of calcium are indicative of inadequate dietary calcium, protein or vitamin D deficiency, malabsorption (low stomach HCl), or high dietary phosphorus. If additional essential elements are low such as magnesium, cobalt, manganese, and chromium, then malabsorption is probably occurring. Low calcium levels are also associated with physical inactivity, chronic stress, hormonal imbalance, antacids, chronic use of diuretics or laxatives, high alcohol intake, and exposure to lead or cadmium. Symptoms of calcium deficiency include: muscle cramps and pain, skeletal pain and tetany. Chronic calcium deficiency would cause osteoporosis.
Normal Range: 375-1100 ug/g
Your Result: 352 ug/g

MAGNESIUM: Magnesium is an essential element that is required for the activity of greater than 80% of the enzymes in the body. Low hair magnesium levels may be indicative of low dietary intake or malabsorption. Dietary consumption of magnesium deficiency foods especially junk foods result in low levels of magnesium. Symptoms of low levels of magnesium include muscle cramps, muscle twitching, muscle spasms, mental depression, heart arrhythmias, high blood pressure, and increased cardiovascular risk. High levels of Magnesium are indicative of maldistribution of the element throughout the body. This imbalance can result from chronic emotional and physical stress, toxic metal or chemical exposure, physiological imbalance of calcium and phosphorus, bone mineral depletion, poor renal clearance of magnesium, low calcium/phosphorus ratio and hypoglycemia.
Normal Range: 40-140 ug/g
Your Result: 11 ug/g

SODIUM: The primary electrolyte found in the extra cellular fluid. It functions to maintain fluid balance and is critical in heart and kidney function as well as nerve conduction. Low levels of sodium in the hair may be indicative of an electrolyte imbalance associated with adrenal insufficiency. Usually sodium and potassium levels are low in hair when the patient is under emotional stress. These low levels are often associated with elevated calcium and magnesium levels. Therefore, one could conclude that some type of adrenal stress was occurring. High levels of sodium in the hair may be indicative of an electrolyte imbalance. This could be indicative of adrenal-cortical hyperactivity. Here, blood levels of sodium are elevated while potassium is low. It has been observed that when sodium and potassium levels are high in the hair it can be indicative of exposure to toxic elements or xenobiotics. This will often correlate with low levels of calcium and magnesium.
Normal Range: 24-180 ug/g
Your Value: 76 ug/g

POTASSIUM: Hair content of potassium is important in the study of adrenal function and electrolyte balance. Potassium is an electrolyte and a potentiator of enzyme functions in cells. Low levels of potassium in the hair can be indicative of gastrointestinal and renal(kidney) dysfunction, chronic diarrhea or as a side effect to some diuretics. If the adrenal glands are hyperactive, we would see blood levels lowered while urine levels increase. Low levels of potassium in hair are usually associated with emotional stress. Symptoms of low potassium would include fatigue, muscle weakness, and possibly tachycardia. High levels of potassium can be related to metabolic disorders resulting from exposure to toxic elements. Elevated levels in hair may be indicative of an imbalance of potassium with other electrolytes, or maldistribution of this element. Hair can become contaminated on occasion with certain shampoos. Usually high levels of potassium and sodium in the hair are indicative of toxic element burden. Detoxification of the body may be warranted.
Normal Range: 20-80ug/g
Your Value: 55 ug/g

COPPER: Copper is an essential element that activates specific enzymes. SOD (superoxide dismutase) is a copper and zinc dependent enzyme. There are other enzymes and neurotransmitters that are copper dependent. Levels of copper in the hair are usually indicative of body levels. Low levels of copper can be indicative of oral birth control therapy and estrogen replacement therapy. Also, it is indicative in certain people who have Menkes' disease. Wilson disease can also show low levels of copper. Supplementation with copper is not recommended if you have these two conditions. Symptoms of copper deficiency include: elevated cholesterol, increased inflammation in the body, reproductive failure, bone and collagen disorders and impaired immunity. Some possible reasons for copper insufficiency could be intestinal malabsorption, low dietary intake, use of oral contraceptives, excess molybdenum, zinc, and chelation therapy. Antagonistic metals to copper include mercury, lead, cadmium and manganese. High levels of copper are often seen in people who may have been exposed to pool water, spa water, highly acidic water through copper pipes, and hair treatments. In the case of contamination from hair treatments, other elements usually aluminum, silver, nickel, and titanium are also elevated. Sources of excessive copper can be related to contaminated drinking water, contaminated foods, excessive oral supplementation, occupational or environmental exposure. Insufficient dietary intake of zinc or molybdenum can elevate copper levels.
Normal Range: 9-26 ug/g
Your Value: 10 ug/g

ZINC: Zinc is an essential element that is required in numerous biochemical processes including the immune system, protein utilization for energy metabolism. It is also a co-factor for numerous enzymes including alcohol dehyrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, and super oxide dismutase. Zinc competes with copper and iron for absorption. Cadmium, lead and mercury are potent zinc antagonists. The amount of zinc in hair is usually a good indicator of body levels. External contamination of the hair can be caused by chemically treated hair. Low levels of zinc may be indicative of malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, leaky gut syndrome, excessive alcohol intake, methionine metabolism disorder, surgery and burns. In some cases, Lactovegetarians may be low in zinc, copper, and selenium. Hair zinc levels is commonly low in diabetics, patients with ADD/ADHD and autism. Symptoms of zinc deficiency include: fatigue, decreased stomach acid, vision problems, anorexia, anemia, weak brittle nails and hair, hair loss, white spots on the nails, slow wound healing and decreased sexual function in males. High levels of zinc may be indicative of low zinc in cells or a functional zinc deficiency. Zinc can be displaced from proteins such as intracellular methionine by other metals especially lead, copper, cadmium and mercury. Extremely high levels of zinc can be toxic. Zinc contaminated water (galvanized pipes), welding, long term over supplementation(> 100 mg/day). Pesticide and paints(especially white) contain high levels of zinc. Symptoms of elevated zinc include Gastrointestinal disorders, hypothermia, blurred vision, and tachycardia.
Normal Range: 120-200 ug/g
Your Value: 150 ug/g

MANGANESE: Manganese is an essential element involved in energy metabolism and in bone and cartilage formation. It is an activator of many important enzymes including arginase, SOD, and pyruvate carboxylase. Hair levels of this element correlate well with levels in other body tissues. Low levels of manganese can be caused by low dietary intake, interaction of phosphates in the GI tract, and intestinal malabsorption. Symptoms associated with low levels of manganese would include: fatigue, lack of physical endurance, slow growth of hair and fingernails, impaired metabolism of bone and cartilage, dermatitis, weight loss, and decreased fertility. Allergic sensitivities and inflammation are also associated with low levels of manganese. Seizures are occasionally reported with severe manganese deficiency. High levels of manganese can occur from occupational or environmental exposure, contaminated tea, contaminated drinking water, cocaine products and smoking. Iron or calcium deficiencies, chronic infections, impaired liver and kidney functions also contribute to high levels of manganese. Symptoms of high levels of manganese may include disorientation, memory loss, lethargy, anxiety, emotional instability, aberrant behaviors, tremors or Parkinson like symptoms.
Normal Range: 0.20-0.65 ug/g
Your Value: 0.06 ug/g

CHROMIUM: Hair levels of chromium are a great indicator of body tissue levels and may be a better indicator than blood or urine samples. Hair chromium levels are rarely affected by hair treatments. Chromium is a essential trace element that is required for maintenance of normal glucose and cholesterol levels. It potentiates insulin function as part of the glucose tolerance factor. Low levels of chromium are indicative of hyperglycemia, transcient hyper/hypoglycemia, fatigue, accelerated atherosclerogenesis, elevated LDL cholesterol, diabetes like symptoms, increased insulin requirements, and decreased stress responses. Marginal or low levels of chromium are quite common in the U.S. Low hair levels of chromium appear to be related to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. There is also a relationship with low levels of chromium and a low HDL, high LDL lipoprotein profile. Common causes from low chromium levels include ingestion of highly processed foods, inadequate levels of chromium in the soil, gastrointestinal dysfunction, inadequate vitamin B6. High levels of iron can also cause low levels of chromium in people due to transferrin saturation. High levels of chromium can be indicative of industrial exposure. The common route into the body would be inhalation. Manufacturing of stainless steel, wood finishing, leather tanning, cement handling all contribute to these high levels. Symptoms may include: allergic dermatitis, skin ulcers, bronchitis, and lung carcinoma(cancer). Also, high levels of chromium have been seen in people with cerebral thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage.
Normal Range: 0.20- 0.45 ug/g
Your Value: 0.51 ug/g

VANADIUM: Vanadium is an essential micro trace element. It is involved in the regulation of sodium-potassium-ATPase, intracellular glutathione metabolism, thyroid metabolism and can mimic insulin at pharmacological doses. Food sources include: nuts, fish, grains, radishes, liver, and vegetable oils. Low levels of vanadium in hair samples are not well studied. At the present time there is no research data to support what low levels of this microelement may cause. High levels of vanadium are indicative of excess absorption of the element. Excess vanadium in humans can be toxic. These high levels can occur from chronic consumption of fish, shrimp, crabs and oysters derived from water near off shore oil rigs. Industrial/environmental sources of vanadium may include: processing of mineral ores, phosphate fertilizers, combustion of oil and coal, production of steel, and chemicals used in the fixation of dyes and paints. Symptoms may include: respiratory irritation, bronchitis. Excess vanadium in the diet can cause decreased appetite, slow growth, diarrhea, GI dysfunction/disturbances, and toxic effects in the kidney and nervous system. Pallor, diarrhea and green tongue have been reported in human subjects consuming 20mg/day of vanadium.
Normal Range: 0.018- 0.065 ug/g
Your Value: 0.057 ug/g

MOLYBDENUM: Molybdenum is an essential trace element that is the activator of specific enzymes. Examples include: xanthine oxidase( catalyzes the formation of uric acid), sulfite oxidase (catalyzes oxidation of sulfite to sulfate) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (catalyzes oxidation of aldehydes). Low levels of molybdenum can cause low uric acid levels, sensitivity to sulfites, protein intolerance and sensitivity to aldehydes. Poor diet, gastrointestinal dysfunctions or tungsten exposure. Tungsten is a powerful antagonist of molybdenum in the body. High levels of copper can also reduce molybdenum retention. High levels of molybdenum are accurately portrayed in the hair. External contamination in the hair is rare with respect to molybdenum. Possible symptoms may include: loss of appetite, anemia, and arthritic symptoms. Occupational exposures such as lubricants, pigments, organic glazes, and steel alloys are all high in molybdenum. Copper deficiency can decrease molybdenum retention which in turn may lead to excess.
Normal Range: 0.04-0.10 ug/g
Your Value: 0.050 ug/g

BORON: Boron has a role in normal bone metabolism and density. It also is needed for normal membrane function. Low levels of boron in the hair may indicate the loss of bone density and a decreased bone metabolism(breakdown and repair). Increased excretory of calcium and magnesium are seen in the urine studies of women who are low in dietary boron. Estrogen levels are also decreased when there is low boron in the body. High levels of boron in the hair is usually due to exposure from the enviroment. It can be related to exposure to potentially toxic elements. Boron is present in some soaps, cleaners, cements, ceramics and glass. We cannot rely solely on boron levels in the hair as an indicator of endogenous sources. It is just a marker for the possibility of environmental exposure and should be correlated with other tests in order to make a definite diagnosis.
Normal Range: 0.70-4.0 ug/g
Your Value: 1.2 ug/g

IODINE: Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine is used to make T3 & T4. Low levels of iodine are related to the symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, decreased metabolic rate, decreased cellular respiration, elevated LDL cholesterol, and goiters. Severe and chronic iodine deficiency will cause mental retardation and creatinism. Breast dysphasia and cancer have been correlated with iodine deficiency. Good dietary sources if iodine include seafood, kelp, sunflower seeds, mushrooms, eggs, beef liver, cheddar cheese, peanuts and iodized salt. High levels of hair iodine can occur from contamination from external sources such as hair treatments. Symptoms from elevated levels include hypersensitivity reactions, hypothyroidism, goiters, dermatitis, nausea/diarrhea, burning or soreness in the mouth and throat, Graves disease(autoimmune thyrotoxicosis) and Plummer's disease (Autonomous thyrotoxicosis). Iodine contamination from hair preparations is accompanied by elevated aluminum, silver, nickel and tin.
Normal Range: 0.25-1.3 ug/g
Your Value: 1.6 ug/g

LITHIUM: Lithium works intracellular to inhibit the conversion of phosphorylated inositol to free inositol. In the nervous system, lithium moderates neuronal activity. It also influences monoamine neurotransmitter concentrations at the synapse. Low levels of lithium may be indicative of behavioral or emotional problems. Lithium is found in the diet, plant and animal products and water. Excess lithium can be excreted quite readily in the urine. High levels of lithium correlate to high usage of lithium carbonate in patients diagnosed with affective disorders. Lithium is used in manufacturing of lightweight metal alloys, glass, grease(lubricating) and batteries. Symptoms may include: dermatitis, nausea, confusion, hypotension or edema. Lithium toxicity may be more pronounced with people who have low sodium levels. It can compete for receptor sites that calcium and magnesium use.
Normal Range: 0.008-0.04 ug/g
Your Value: 0.005 ug/g

PHOSPHORUS: Phosphorus is a major component of mineralized tissue such as teeth and bones. Phosphorus assimilation is regulated by vitamin D. Phosphates are present in all cells in the body and are involved in chemical energy transfer and enzyme regulation. Phosphorus is also involved in carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism by phosphorylation. Hair levels of phosphorus do not correlate to dietary intake of phosphorus. However, we use hair to monitor phosphorus levels which can be altered by abnormal calcium, magnesium, or vitamin D metabolism. Low levels of phosphorus in the hair may be a clue that there are problems with calcium, magnesium or vitamin D metabolism. High levels of phosphorus can also give a clue to a possible problem with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D metabolism.
Normal Range: 250-400 ug/g
Your Value: 2.58 ug/g

SELENIUM: Selenium is an extremely important essential element due to its function in in the enzyme glutathione peroxides. Glutathione is a extremely important antioxidant. Selenium is also protective due to its ability to bind to and deactivate mercury. It is also important in the conversion of T4 to T3(active thyroid hormone). Hair levels of selenium are indicative of dietary intake and can be associated with cardiovascular disease. Low levels of selenium are indicative of low dietary intake of selenium or vitamin E, exposure to toxic metals, pesticides, herbicides and chemical solvents. Also, there has been some correlation to heart disease, cancer, and asthma. Symptoms of low selenium are muscle aches, increased inflammatory response, loss of body weight, hair loss, muscular degeneration, skeletal degeneration, decreased immune status or function and decreased skeletal growth. High levels of selenium can be due to external contamination due to hair care products, especially those that contain sulfur bearing compounds. It can be one of the most toxic elements to the body when exposed in excess. If one can rule out external contamination, selenium levels in hair represent accurate levels of selenium in the tissues. Selenium toxicity usually results from industrial exposure. Symptoms of high levels of selenium may include red pigmentation in the hair and nails, metallic taste in the mouth, discoloration of teeth and skin, gastroenteritis. Selenium compounds have also been associated with carcinogenic activity.
Normal Range: 0.95-1.7 ug/g
Your Value: 1.0 ug/g

STRONTIUM: Strontium seems to be essential for growth but it is unclear of its effects with growth in adults. Strontium is similar in its chemical effects as calcium and boron and it can replace calcium in many biological processes. Low levels of strontium have not been correlated clinically. Foods rich in strontium include, nuts, whole grains, seafood and dairy products. High levels of strontium can affect demineralization of bone. Hair treatment products can often cause false elevations in hair strontium levels. Except for strontium induced rickets, elevated concentrations of selenium are not of a major concern in the U.S.
Normal Range: 1.00-6.0 ug/g
Your Value: 2.8 ug/g

SULFUR: Sulfur is important in some amino acid complexes. It is involved in methionine related processes such as homocysteine regulation. It is also involved biochemically in methylation chemistry. It is contained in cysteine which constitutes approximately 16% of the protein in hair. Low levels of sulfur are usually found in people who have a hard time detoxifying mercury from the body. Dental amalgams may indicate that there is some mercury that needs to be detoxified from the body. High levels of sulfur in hair samples may be correlated to an inability for the body to metabolize sulfur. Possibly supplementation with high amounts of sulfur containing amino acids (such as methionine, cysteine, and taurine) could raise sulfur levels. If sulfur levels remain high and external contamination is ruled out, then it is possible for renal disease, biliary dysfunction, diet and nutritional supplementation to be causative agents in elevated sulfur.
Normal Range: 42000-49000 ug/g
Your Value: 46900 ug/g

BARIUM: Barium is a non essential element that often interferes with calcium metabolism and potassium retention. Low levels of barium are of no real clinical significance at this time. High levels of barium (soluble barium salts) can be toxic. Ingestion of nitrates, sulfides and chlorides from the diet can be a problem. Symptoms of high barium levels may include: tingling in the extremities, muscular stimulation, loss of deep tendon reflexes, myocardial stimulation. Dietary sources of barium are flour, some types of nuts, milk, and potatoes.
Normal Range: 0.5-3.0 ug/g
Your Value: 0.56 ug/g

COBALT: The only function of cobalt that has been studied is its relationship to vitamin B12. It is an essential constituent of the B12 molecule. Low levels of cobalt have not be researched at this time as to their clinical significance. High levels of cobalt can be the result of contamination of certain hair care products. These products would include permanent solutions, bleach and dyes. Geographical locations are a determining factor in the amount of cobalt in the diet. Toxicity levels would have to exceed 250 mg/day in order to be of clinical significance. High levels of cobalt may cause metabolic acidosis or myocardial dysfunction.
Normal Range: 0.013-0.05 ug/g
Your Value: 0.005 ug/g

IRON: Iron in the hair should be used as a screening test only and it does not correlate to body tissue levels of iron. Low values of iron in the hair would be indicative of further testing by other methods, primarily blood. Iron supplementation would not be indicated based solely on hair sample levels. High levels of iron in the hair are also indicative that further testing needs to occur. High hair iron is not indicative of iron overload disease and elevated hair iron is not necessarily associated with hemochromatosis. Washing the hair in well water can also cause an increase in hair iron content.
Normal Range: 5.8-14 ug/g
Your Value: 9.9 ug/g

GERMANIUM: Germanium is considered to be a non-essential element similar to silicon. The relationship between germanium in the hair and tissue levels has not been established. Germanium is used in the manufacturing of transistors, dental alloys and fluorescent lights. Low levels can even be found in food and the average human intake is 1-3 mg/day. Low levels of germanium in the hair are of no real clinical significance at this time. High levels of germanium in the hair are also of no real clinical value at the present time. Germanium in the hair is measured primarily for research purposes.
Normal Range: 0.045-0.065 ug/g
Your Value: 0.034 ug/g

RUBIDIUM: Rubidium levels in hair samples do show correlation to levels in other body tissues. It is very similar in its activities to potassium. In some enzymatic reactions, rubidium competes with potassium. Low values of rubidium in hair samples are currently of no clinical value. High values of rubidium in the hair are not common. However, excessive rubidium intake may result in the decrease of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and possibly interfere with cardiac muscle contractions. Rubidium is used primarily in electrical equipment and electron tubes. Some foods contain higher amounts of rubidium. These are ground coffee, tomatoes, beef, and soybeans.
Normal Range: 0.03-0.25 ug/g
Your Value: 0.078 ug/g

ZIRCONIUM: Zirconium is measured in the hair primarily for research purposes. There is no relevant clinical data at this time that can relate levels of zirconium in the hair to body tissue levels. It is an abundant trace element that occurs naturally in soil, plants and foods. Low levels of zirconium in the hair are of no real clinical value at the present time. High levels of zirconium have not been studied with respect to their clinical significance. Zirconium is commonly found in the textile industries, foundries, and ceramics.
Normal Range: 0.4-1.0 ug/g
Your Value: 0.056 ug/g

HAIR ANALYSIS: TOXIC ELEMENTS

Aluminum: This element is very common in our environment. It is used in many consumer products such as cat litter, infant formulas, antiperspirants, foils, baking soda ect. This element is a potential neurotoxin in high levels. It can also be found quite often in drinking water as a component of acid rain. Increased exposure levels have been linked to neurological conditions and Alzheimer's disease. Parkinson's, ALS and Huntington's disease patients seem to accumulate aluminum in their neurons. Some people have the inability for the kidneys to elimate aluminum and therefore the body builds up excess amounts. These levels of higher than normal seem to be placed in the bones and brain.
Normal Values:< 7.0 ug/g.
Your Value: 5.2ug/g

Antimony: Hair samples are the primary analysis for Antimony exposure. High hair levels of this element have been noted for as long as a year after exposure. Food and smoking are the two most common ways of exposure. Gunpowder also contains high levels of Antimony. This element is found in fire proof fabrics (Children's pajamas and bedding). It is used in plastic products, paints, glass, ceramics, batteries, and rubber products. It is also present in some types of drugs. It is similar in structure to arsenic but not as lethal. Excessive exposure deletes intracellular glutathione levels. Symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, joint pain, headaches, nausea, low back pain, hemolytic anemia, blood in the urine and renal failure. Elevated levels of this element have been seen in patients diagnosed with ADD/ADHD and autism. Just like Aluminum there seems to be some correlation to people with high levels of Antimony and neurological diseases and symptoms.
Normal Values: < 0.050 ug/g
Your Value: 0.033 ug/g

Arsenic: The hair can be contaminated with arsenic from the air, water, shampoos, soap and dust. This element can exist in toxic and non-toxic forms. The toxic forms are contained in pressure treated woods and many insecticides. Well water, smog, wood preservatives, burning of fossil fuels, industrial exposure in the manufacturing of electronics. The non-toxic forms are primarily contained in foods, especially shellfish and other types of seafood. Some symptoms may include malaise(tiredness), muscle weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis, skin cancer and peripheral neuropathies. It is a major biological antagonist to selenium. High levels of arsenic could be linked to lung and bladder cancer.
Normal Values: < 0.060ug/g
Your Value: 0.034ug/g

Beryllium: This element is a biological antagonist of magnesium. Its long term affect is on the T lymphocytes causing immune system deficiencies. It can cause damage to the liver, kidney, lungs, and skin. Beryllium is poorly absorbed in the GI tract but is readily taken into the body through the skin and lungs. Inhalation is the primary route into the body and it results in difficulty breathing, cough, and pulmonary disease. Sources of Beryllium are electronic parts, metals used in aircraft and aerospace industries, lens coatings on glasses, fluorescent lights. Tobacco also contains this element and increased levels can be seen immediately in the blood and urine of tobacco users.
Normal Values: < 0.020ug/g
Your Value: <0.01ug/g

Bismuth: Bismuth is a non-essential element with a low level of toxicity. Non-toxic compounds are found in cosmetics, antacids, pigments used in ceramics and glass manufacturing, dental cement and some types of batteries. Elevate levels of this element in the hair are uncommon. Symptoms of moderate levels may include the following: intestinal irregularities including constipation and irregular movements, malaise, bad breath, and irritation of the mucosal membranes. High levels can cause kidney and neurological diseases.
Normal Values: < 2.0ug/g
Your Value: 0.020ug/g

Cadmium: This element is used in industry as a paint pigment, in rechargeable batteries, electroplating and is a byproduct of zinc and lead smelting. Tobacco smoke contains high levels of cadmium as well as automotive exhaust. Cadmium competes with zinc at the perspective binding sites at the cellular level. The kidneys become the primary organ effected by high levels of cadmium. Some symptoms include upper leg pain, low back pain, osteopenia ( a precursor to osteoporosis), high blood pressure, kidney dysfunction and renal dysfunction. Zinc supplementation can be beneficial in reducing cadmium levels.
Normal Values: < 0.10ug/g
Your Value: 0.031ug/g

Lead: This element is been a known toxin forever. It is widely distributed in the environment. Water that runs through old lead pipes, or by lead containing solder are common contaminants. Old paint contained lead, leaded gasoline was phased out in the early 1980's, but can still be found in the soil near highways. Exposure can occur by ingestion, inhalation and by contact. People with low dietary levels of calcium, magnesium, Vit C and D as well as iron may have higher than normal lead levels. Supplementation with these products is of great benefit to people who have been exposed to high levels of lead. These supplements decrease the ability of lead to be absorbed. Lead is virtually absorbed into every organ in the body, and effects the kidney during excretion. High lead levels present in hair are good indicators for lead levels in the body. Some symptoms associated with high levels of lead are certain anemia's, renal dysfunction, high blood pressure, anorexia, constipation, low IQ levels in children, as well as anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, irritability and short term memory deficits. Lead contained in tooth filings can also be an issue with elevated levels.
Normal Values: < 1.0ug/g
Your Value: 0.07ug/g

Mercury: One of the more common elements related to neurotoxicity. The most common sources are out-gassing from the earth's crust through rock formations, manufacturing of electrical switches, dental fillings, fungicides and in electrolysis. Deep sea fish such as albacore and tuna contain high levels of mercury. Some symptoms associated with high levels of mercury include irritability, excitability, depression, poor short term memory, difficulty concentrating, insomnia and fatigue. Other organ systems can provide symptoms such as kidney and digestive disorders, pain in the joints and limbs, metallic taste in the mouth, weight loss, and a weakened immune system resulting in an increase of infections. Selenium offers protection from the cellular damage caused by high levels of mercury.
Normal Levels: < 1.1ug/g
Your Level: 0.71ug/g

Platinum: Is a non-essential element found in the hair. Hair treatments can often times lead to high levels in the hair. It